gist
type: Ontology
version IRI: gistCore13.0.0
definition: gist is a minimalist upper ontology created by Semantic Arts.
history note: gist 13.0.0 released 2024-Jul-24. gist 12.1.0 released 2024-Feb-27. gist 12.0.1 released 2023-Jul-28. gist 12.0.0 released 2023-Jul-05. gist 11.1.0 released 2022-Oct-10. gist 11.0.0 released 2022-Apr-11.
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

domain includes
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Relates a property to a class that the property is expected to be used on.
example: The domain of the property gist:containedText includes gist:Tag and gist:Text.
scope note: There may be multiple domainIncludes assertions on a single property.
scope note: This property is used to guide the ontology user; like all annotation properties, it does not play a role in inference.
sub property of: scopeNote

is superseded by
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Relates a deprecated term to a term that replaces it, which is either an exact (in the case of simple renaming) or approximate (in the case of renaming and some semantic change) semantic match.
example: gist:connectedTo gist:isSupersededBy gist:isConnectedTo (renaming with no semantic change).

license
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An annotation for providing the licensing on this or derivative ontologies

range includes
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Relates a property to a class that is an expected type of its values.
example: The range of the property gist:isCategorizedBy includes gist:Category.
scope note: There may be multiple rangeIncludes assertions on a single property.
scope note: This property is used to guide the ontology user; like all annotation properties, it does not play a role in inference.
sub property of: scopeNote

accepts
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The types of input messages that will be allowed.

allows
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The intention (say a grant) allows a particular kind of activity (for instance egress)

comes from agent
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
range: Class
  union of: Organization
  union of: Person
definition: The party that is the source of something (e.g. a message, shipment, etc.)
scope note: This is not the inverse of gist:goesToAgent. A message can be to someone. If we made it the inverse the person would be "from" the message

comes from place
type: ObjectProperty
range: Class
  union of: Address
  union of: Place
definition: Origin

conforms to
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The subject conforms to the Object, e.g. meet an obligation, meet terms of an offer, adhere to a specification
range includes: Intention

contributes to
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The parts of a system contribute to the goal/ function of the whole system

goes to agent
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
range: Class
  union of: Organization
  union of: Person
definition: The party that is the recipient of something (e.g. a message, shipment, etc.)
scope note: This is not the inverse of gist:comesFromAgent. A message can be from someone. If we made it the inverse the person would be "to" the message

goes to place
type: ObjectProperty
range: Class
  union of: Address
  union of: Place
definition: Destination

has accuracy
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: Magnitude
definition: Relates a magnitude to the accuracy of its numeric value.
example: Temperature accurate to tenth of a degree C; length accurate to the nearest centimeter.
scope note: A typical way to use accuracy is to have it represent 2 standard deviations of the distribution of measurement errors. With this convention, when the measurement method is well-calibrated (has an average error of zero) and its errors have a normal distribution, there is a 95% chance that the actual error in measurement, in either direction, is less than the accuracy. Note that the unit of measure of the accuracy has to be compatible with the unit of measure of the original magnitude (e.g. something measured in meters could have a accuracy in terms of millimeters or any other unit that measures distance).

has addend
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates an aspect to another aspect that is an additive component of it.
example: In the equation 'profit = revenue - expenses', revenue is an addend and expenses is a subtrahend.
scope note: Commonly used with financial metrics.

has address
type: ObjectProperty
range: Address
definition: Relates something to its physical or electronic address.
example: A brick-and-mortar store has a street address. A person can be contacted electronically via an email address.

has aspect
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: Aspect
definition: Relates a magnitude to its aspect (measurable characteristic).

has biological parent
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Living Thing
range: Living Thing
definition: Relates a living thing to its biological parent.

has broader
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: Relates a thing to another thing with a broader meaning.
example: The aspect distance is broader than the aspect height.

has direct broader
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has broader
definition: Relates a thing to another thing with a broader meaning, when there is no intermediate between them.
scope note: Unlike gist:hasBroader, this property is not transitive. It is safest to use this property when semantic directness is inherent in the relationship. Otherwise, there is a risk of making a hasDirectBroader assertion and then later inserting an intermediate part; this will result in making an asserted triple false even though there was no change in the world. When in doubt, use the transitive version gist:hasBroader.

has divisor
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a unit of measure to another unit of measure that is a divisor, or relates an aspect to another aspect that is a divisor.
example: Miles per hour has miles as a multiplier and hour as a divisor.
example: Speed has distance as a multiplier and duration as a divisor.
scope note: Provides a supplemental method of decomposing a unit of measure or an aspect into component factors. Enables dimensional analysis such as miles per hour x hours = miles.

has giver
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
property disjoint with: has recipient
definition: The active party, the one with the obligation or the one initiating the transfer

has goal
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The reason for doing something

has incumbent
type: ObjectProperty
definition: What equipment or person is currently in this node. Note to create a temporal view make a TemporalRelation for this property

has magnitude
type: ObjectProperty
range: Magnitude
definition: Relates a thing to a magnitude.
example: A car or a model of car has a magnitude for length, one for width, one for weight, etc.

has multiplier
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a unit of measure to another unit of measure that is a factor, or relates an aspect to another aspect that is a factor.
example: Miles per hour has miles as a multiplier and hour as a divisor.
example: Speed has distance as a multiplier and duration as a divisor.
scope note: Provides a supplemental method of decomposing a unit of measure or aspect into component factors. Enables dimensional analysis such as miles per hour x hours = miles.

has navigational parent
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a child category to a parent category in an informal (e.g., faceted) hierarchy.
example: Refrigerator handles are not refrigerators, but it may be useful to represent their relationship hierarchically for a faceted UI filter.

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates something (e.g. an agreement) to things that play a role, or take part or are otherwise involved in some way.
example: An event of transferring money has a participating account that receives the money.
scope note: The thing with participants will often be an agreement, event or obligation. Participation does not imply agency.
scope note: This will most often be used as an abstract property. Use subproperties that indicate the nature of the participation (e.g. hasBorrower, hasVenue).

has party
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
range: Class
  union of: Organization
  union of: Person
definition: The people or organizations participating in an event, agreement or obligation
example: For loan agreements, one might create hasLender and hasBorrower as subproperties of hasParty.

has physical location
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
range: Place
definition: Relates something to its physical location.
scope note: This property does not distinguish between things whose locations are stable and those whose locations change over time; e.g., a fire hydrant vs. a car.

has recipient
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
definition: The recipient

has subtrahend
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates an aspect to another aspect that is a subtracted component of it.
example: In the equation 'profit = revenue - expenses', revenue is an addend and expenses is a subtrahend.
scope note: Commonly used with financial metrics.

has unique broader
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has broader
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: Relates a thing to a unique other thing with a broader meaning.

has unique navigational parent
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has navigational parent
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: Relates a subject category to a unique parent category in an informal (e.g., faceted) hierarchy.

has unit group
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Aspect
range: Unit Group
definition: Relates an aspect to a unit group. The aspect can be measured using any of the members of the unit group.
example: The aspect distance can have a unit group that includes the units meter, inch, foot, etc.

has unit of measure
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Magnitude
range: Unit of Measure
definition: Relates a magnitude to a unit of measure.
definition: The magnitude 87 inches of height has unit of measure inches.

is about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Content
definition: Subject matter of a document.

is affected by
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Where the effect came from

is allocated by
type: ObjectProperty
range: Class
  union of: Intellectual Property
  union of: Organization
  union of: Person
definition: Relates the subject to whomever or whatever assigns or distributes it.
example: A U.S. Social Security number is allocated by the U.S. Social Security Administration. The media type https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/csv is allocated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
scope note: The allocator may be a person, organization, or automated process.
domain includes: Category
domain includes: ID

is based on
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The Object is a foundation for, a starting point for, gave rise to or justifies the Subject
example: A document is based on a document template. A metric computing the average income of a population is based on the metric for individual income.

is categorized by
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Points to a taxonomy item or other less formally defined class.
range includes: Category

is connected to
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
definition: A non-owning, non-causal, non-subordinate (i.e., peer-to-peer) relationship.

is direct part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is part of
definition: The relationship between a part and a whole where the part has independent existence and there are no other parts in between.
scope note: Because the part has independent existence, there is no cascading delete.
scope note: It is safest to use this property when semantic directness is inherent in the relationship, rather than simply expressing a chosen granularity. For example, a spark plug is a direct part of an engine block; there cannot be any intermediate parts. Otherwise, there is a risk of making an isDirectPartOf assertion and then later inserting an intermediate part; this will result in making an asserted triple false even though there was no change in the world. When in doubt, use the transitive version gist:isPartOf.

is expressed in
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The language something was expressed in

is first member of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is member of
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Ordered Member
range: Ordered Collection
definition: Relates the first member of an ordered collection to the collection.
scope note: Given the Open World Assumption, the absence of a predecessor does not entail that an ordered member is the first member of an ordered collection. This property is used to explicitly indicate the first member. Since ordered collections need not be strictly ordered, there can be more than one first member.

is geographically contained in
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Place
range: Place
definition: Relates one place to another that contains it.

is governed by
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a thing governed to the governor.
example: A country geo-region is governed by a country government.

is identified by
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: ID
definition: This is like a URI: a thing can have more than one ID, but each of the IDs must refer to a unique thing.

is made up of
type: ObjectProperty
range: Physical Substance
definition: Relates something to a substance that it is made up of.
example: The vase is made up of clay. Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.

is member of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a member individual to the thing, such as a collection or organization, that it is a member of.
range includes: Collection
range includes: Organization

is part of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: The relationship between a part and a whole where the part has independent existence.
scope note: Because the part has independent existence, there is no cascading delete.
scope note: The transitive version of gist:isDirectPartOf.

is recognized by
type: ObjectProperty
range: Class
  union of: Organization
  union of: Person
definition: Relates something to a party that formally acknowledges its existence, validity, or legality.
example: The existence of a particular company is recognized by the state.

is rendered on
type: ObjectProperty
definition: What media something was rendered On

is triggered by
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a contingency, such as an event or obligation, to the event that gives rise to it.
example: Fire insurance is contingent on a particular building burning down
example: The death benefit payout on a life insurance policy following the death of a specific person.
scope note: For obligations, this property describes what must happen to trigger the contingent obligation. Other uses include controls, processes, etc.

is under jurisdiction of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a law, contract, etc., to the system of law or government which has the power, right, or authority to interpret and apply it.

links
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a NetworkLink to a NetworkNode that it connects to another node. Used when the connections are undirected, or the direction is not known.

links from
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: links
definition: Relates a NetworkLink to its origin NetworkNode. Unlike the superproperty, this represents a directed connection.

links to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: links
definition: Relates a NetworkLink to its destination NetworkNode. Unlike the superproperty, this represents a directed connection.

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The geospatial place where something happened or will happen

offers
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates something to a thing that is being made available for acceptance or rejection.
example: An instance of gist:Offer offers a specific product at a particular price; a company offers an employee benefit; Honda offers vehicles for sale.

owns
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Organization
  union of: Person
definition: Possessing and controlling. Ultimate form of ownership is the right to destroy. Long list of potential Range classes

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: A generic ordering relation indicating that the subject comes before the object.
scope note: The less-than symbol is often used to represent this relation.
scope note: This is the transitive version of gist:precedesDirectly.
scope note: Typically this predicate would be used asymmetricallly and irreflexively, but the ontology does not formalize this.

precedes directly
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: precedes
definition: A generic ordering relation indicating that the subject comes immediately before the object.
scope note: If two items in an ordered collection share the same position, they both directly precede the following element.
scope note: It is safest to use this property only when the directness has a semantic correspondence with the world. Only break a direct link by inserting an intermediate item when that change corresponds to a change in the world.
scope note: Typically this predicate would be used asymmetricallly and irreflexively, but the ontology does not formalize this.

prevents
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Intention
range: Behavior
definition: The intention (say a law) is intended to prevent this kind of behavior (say jay-walking)

produces
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The subject creates the object.
example: A task produces a deliverable.

provides order for
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Ordered Member
definition: Links a member of an ordered collection to the real-world item it represents in that collection.

refers to
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates something to another resource that it points to, indicates, or references.

requires
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The subject needs the object or makes it necessary, mandatory, or compulsory.
example: Humans require air; solar power requires sunshine.
scope note: This predicate is defined generally enough to encompass a few different meanings of the English word 'requires': 1. To need something or to make something necessary. 2. To order or demand something, or to order someone to do something, especially because of a rule or law. 3. To make it officially necessary for someone to do something. Implementations requiring a more specific meaning should define subproperties.

actual end date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: actual end date time
range: dateTime
definition: The actual date that something ended, with precision of one day.
example: '2021-06-01T00:00:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: Used for things where the precision of a date is sufficient, such as most projects, tasks, and the like. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision.

actual end date time
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: end date time
range: dateTime
definition: The actual date and time that something ended, with no implied precision.
scope note: This is an abstraction over the various precisions of actual end time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. Values of predicates with different precisions can be compared since they are all formally xsd:datetimes.

actual end microsecond
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: actual end date time
range: dateTime
definition: The actual time that something ended, expressed as a system time used for timestamps.
example: '2021-06-01T08:03:27.12324-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: A system time will be as precise as the system can supply, typically at least milliseconds, sometimes microseconds. The convention for timestamps, such as recording a transaction, is to specify just the end point; the start time is rarely needed.

actual end minute
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: actual end date time
range: dateTime
definition: The actual date and time that something ended, with precision of one minute.
example: '2021-06-01T08:32:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: Used for things like meetings and time card entries, where the hour and minute are important. Recommended usage is to zero out the seconds and microseconds to avoid spurious precision.

actual end year
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: actual end date time
range: dateTime
definition: The actual date that something ended, with precision of one year.
example: '2021-01-01T00:00:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
example: The tenure of the previous chairman of the board ended in 2021.
scope note: Used for things where the precision of a year is sufficient. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision. Note that it is not valid to zero out months and days, so arbitrary values must be included.

actual start date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: actual start date time
range: dateTime
definition: The actual date that something started, with precision of one day.
example: '2021-06-01T00:00:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: Used for things where the precision of a date is sufficient, such as most projects, tasks, and the like. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision.

actual start date time
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: start date time
range: dateTime
definition: The actual date and time that something started, with no implied precision.
scope note: This is an abstraction over the various precisions of actual start time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. Values of predicates with different precisions can be compared since they are all formally xsd:datetimes.

actual start microsecond
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: actual start date time
range: dateTime
definition: The actual time that something started, expressed as a system time used for timestamps.
example: '2021-06-01T08:03:27.12324-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: A system time will be as precise as the system can supply, typically at least milliseconds, sometimes microseconds. The convention for timestamps, such as recording a transaction, is to specify just the end point; the start time is rarely needed. This property is defined for the cases when you do need to capture the runtime of a system process, and is then used in conjunction with gist:actualEndMicrosecond.

actual start minute
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: actual start date time
range: dateTime
definition: The actual date and time that something started, with precision of one minute.
example: '2021-06-01T08:32:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: Used for things like meetings and time card entries, where the hour and minute are important. Recommended usage is to zero out the seconds and microseconds to avoid spurious precision.

actual start year
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: actual start date time
range: dateTime
definition: The actual date that something started, with precision of one year.
example: '2021-01-01T00:00:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
example: The tenure of the current chairman of the board began in 2021.
scope note: Used for things where the precision of a year is sufficient. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision. Note that it is not valid to zero out months and days, so arbitrary values must be included.

at date time
type: DatatypeProperty
range: dateTime
definition: The date and time at which something did or will occur, with variants for precision, start and end, and actual vs. planned.
scope note: This is the top level property for asserting time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. The subproperties allow the ontologist to do three things: 1) Distinguish start and end times. 2) Indicate whether a time is planned or actual. This is useful for everything from project management to calendar appointments and the like. It is also useful for date effectivities; i.e., something valid up to a planned date). 3) Distinguish varying levels of precision; sort of a simple version of the Allen functions. All datetimes are of the same format: '2021-06-01T08:03:27.12324-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime. This is compatible with and a subset of ISO 8601. Time zone offset, such as -6:00 (of which there are a few dozen) is recognized in the date itself, as shown. The actual time zone standard (of which there are 131) may optionally be attached to the event or other object itself. There will be many historical dates that do not have a time zone offset (e.g., Lincoln's birthday, as well as about 75% of all legacy systems), and in that case the offset can be omitted. The conventions for precision that are repeated in each property name are as follows: - *DateTime is an abstraction over the various precisions of its subproperties. - *Date refers to a calendar date (e.g., birthdays and invoice dates) and is assumed to have precision of one day. Time zone offset is allowed. - *Minute refers to clock time; e.g., a meeting will start at 9:15 with a timezone offset. Precision is assumed to have precision of one minute. - *Microsecond refers to system time, and it will be as precise as the system can supply; typically at least milliseconds, sometime microseconds.

birth date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: start date time
range: dateTime
definition: The date some living thing was or will be born, with precision of one day.
example: '2021-06-01T00:00:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: This is a subproperty of gist:startDateTime rather than gist:actualStartDate because some living things have yet to be born. This property refers to a calendar date and is assumed to precision of one day (time zone offset is allowed). It is recommended to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision. Implementations requiring a birthdate to the minute can define a subproperty.

contained text
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
definition: A string that is closely associated with an individual.
example: The string associated with a tag.
example: The string associated with text content.
domain includes: Tag
domain includes: Text

conversion factor
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Unit of Measure
range: Datatype
  union of: decimal
  union of: double
definition: A value that relates a unit of measure to units of the International System of Units. For example, in the equation 1 inch = 0.0254 meters, the value 0.0254 is the conversion factor of inch.
scope note: To convert a numeric value from one unit of measure to another, multiply by the conversion factor of the first unit and then divide by the conversion factor of the second unit. For example, to convert 27 feet to yards: the conversion factor of foot is 0.3048 the conversion factor of yard is 0.9144 so 27 feet = (27 x 0.3048) / 0.9144 = 9 yards

conversion offset
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: A value used along with a conversion factor to relate a unit to its corresponding unit in the International System of Units. In the equation below, the conversion offset is 459.669607 and the conversion factor is 5/9. y degrees Fahrenheit = (y + 459.669607) x 5/9 degrees Kelvin To convert from Fahrenheit to Kelvin, first add the offset and then multiply by the conversion factor. To convert from Kelvin to Fahrenheit, reverse the steps: first divide by the conversion factor and then subtract the offset.

death date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: actual end date
range: dateTime
definition: The date some living thing died.
example: '2021-06-01T00:00:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: Refers to a calendar date and is assumed to have precision of one day (time zone offset is allowed). Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision. Implementations requiring a death date to the minute can define a subproperty.

description
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: A statement about someone or something's attributes or characteristics.
example: The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States. It was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and built from 1930 to 1931.
scope note: This property is used to provide a description of an individual in greater detail than a label.

encrypted text
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: contained text
range: string
definition: Links to the string corresponding to EncryptedText

end date time
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: at date time
range: dateTime
definition: The date and time that something ends.
scope note: This property is neutral along two dimensions: precision (e.g., day, second, millisecond) and actual vs. planned. As such, it will generally not be asserted directly except in special cases (e.g., for time intervals).
scope note: Values of predicates with different precisions can be compared since they are all formally xsd:datetimes.

exponent of ampere
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of ampere in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation '1 milliampere = 0.001 x ampere' the conversionFactor for milliampere is 0.001 the exponent of ampere is 1 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing milliampere must be a multiple of ampere.

exponent of bit
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of bit in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation '1 megabit per second = 1000000 x bit per second' the conversion factor for megabit per second is 1000000 the exponent of bit is 1 the exponent of second is -1 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing megabit per second must be a multiple of bit per second.

exponent of candela
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of candela in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation '1 candlepower = 1 x candela' the conversion factor for candlepower is 1 the exponent of candela is 1 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing candlepower must be a multiple of candela.

exponent of Kelvin
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of Kelvin in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation 'y degrees Fahrenheit = (y + 459.6669607) x 5/9 degrees Kelvin' the conversion offset for degree Fahrenheit is 459.6669607 the conversion factor for degree Fahrenheit is 5/9 the exponent of Kelvin is 1 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing degree Fahrenheit will have a similar equation, with different offset or conversion factor (or both).

exponent of kilogram
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of kilogram in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation '1 millimole per gram = 1 x mole per kilogram' the conversion factor for millimole per gram is 1 the exponent of mole is 1 the exponent of kilogram is -1 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing millimole per gram must be a multiple of mole per kilogram.

exponent of meter
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of meter in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation '1 microgram per milliliter = 0.001 x kilogram per meterCubed' the conversion factor for microgram per milliliter is 0.001 the exponent of kilogram is 1 the exponent of meter is -3 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing microgram per milliliter must be a multiple of kilogram per meterCubed.

exponent of mole
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of mole in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation '1 katal = 1 x mole per second' the conversion factor for katal is 1 the exponent of mole is 1 the exponent of second is -1 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing katal must be a multiple of mole per second.

exponent of number
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of number in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation '1 beat per minute = 0.016667 x number per second' the conversion factor for beat per minute is 0.016667 the exponent of number is 1 the exponent of second is -1 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing beat per minute must be a multiple of number per second.
scope note: Use when the unit of measure involves a count or other number.

exponent of other
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: Indicates whether a unit of measure can be expressed in terms of the standard exponents (as shown in the examples).
example: Decibel, pH, and octave are units of measure that are logarithmic. Their unit groups have exponent of other = 1.
scope note: Set the value to 0 if the units of measure in the unit group can be expressed using the standard set of exponents (as in the examples). Otherwise set the value to 1, which typically means the units of measure in the group use a logarithmic scale.

exponent of radian
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of radian in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation '1 revolution = 6.283 x radian' the conversion factor for revolution is 6.283 the exponent of radian is 1 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing revolution must be a multiple of radian.

exponent of second
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of second in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation '1 watt-hour = 3600 x kilogram meterSquared per secondSquared' the conversion factor for watt-hour is 3600 the exponent of kilogram is 1 the exponent of meter is 2 the exponent of second is -2 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing watt-hour must be a multiple of kilogram meterSquared per secondSquared.

exponent of steradian
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of steradian in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation '1 watt per square meter steradian = 1 x kilogram per secondCubed steradian' the conversion factor for watt per square meter steradian is 1 the exponent of kilogram is 1 the exponent of second is -3 the exponent of steradian is -1 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing watt per square meter steradian must a multiple of kilogram per secondCubed steradian.
scope note: Steradian is a measure of solid angle.

exponent of US dollar
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Unit Group
  union of: Unit of Measure
range: decimal
definition: The exponent of US Dollar in a product of powers of base units.
example: In the equation '1 million dollars per week = 1.65344 x dollar per second' the conversion factor for million dollars per week is 1.65344 the exponent of US Dollar is 1 the exponent of second is -1 all other exponents are zero Every member of a unit group containing million dollars per week must be a multiple of dollar per second.
scope note: The factors for converting from one currency to another change constantly.

id text
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
definition: Relates an individual to a text string that identifies it.
example: The id text for a car is '4Y1SL65848Z411439'
example: The id text for the HR department for Company X is H31415
scope note: A common use case would be for pre-existing internal company identifiers.
scope note: Often, there will be just one identifying text string. More would be appropriate if the individual had different identifiers, such as employee number and social security number. A good way to model that would be to have functional subproperties of idText, such as departmentNumber.
scope note: This property is an alternative to using the property isIdentifiedBy in conjunction with instances of the class ID.

is recorded at
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: at date time
definition: Date that something was posted, not necessarily the date it occurred. Must be after the date of occurrence, but could be before or after the planned date. (Unusual, but I could record today that I expected to be paid last week.)
scope note: Precision may vary according to context.

latitude
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geo Point
range: double
definition: Degrees above or below equator

longitude
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geo Point
range: double
definition: Degrees from GM

name
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
definition: Relates an individual to (one of) its name(s).

numeric value
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Datatype
  union of: byte
  union of: decimal
  union of: double
  union of: float
  union of: int
  union of: integer
  union of: long
  union of: negativeInteger
  union of: nonNegativeInteger
  union of: nonPositiveInteger
  union of: positiveInteger
  union of: short
  union of: unsignedByte
  union of: unsignedInt
  union of: unsignedLong
  union of: unsignedShort
  union of: rational
  union of: real
definition: The actual value of a magnitude.

planned end date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: planned end date time
range: dateTime
definition: The date that something is or was planned to end, with precision of one day.
example: '2021-06-01T00:00:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: Used for anything with a planned end date, such as when a lease will expire, when an offer is no longer available, etc. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision.

planned end date time
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: end date time
range: dateTime
definition: The date that something is or was planned to end, with no implied precision.
scope note: This is an abstraction over the various precisions of planned end time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. Values of predicates with different precisions can be compared since they are all formally xsd:datetimes.
scope note: This property, unlike gist:actualEndDateTime, does not have a subproperty for microsecond precision, because planned times typically are not expressed at that level of granularity. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual.

planned end minute
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: planned end date time
range: dateTime
definition: The date and time that something is or was planned to end, with precision of one minute.
example: '2021-06-01T08:32:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: Used for things like meetings and time card entries, where the hour and minute are important. Recommended usage is to zero out the seconds and microseconds to avoid spurious precision.Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual.

planned end year
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: planned end date time
range: dateTime
definition: The date that something is or was planned to end, with precision of one year.
example: '2021-01-01T00:00:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
example: The automobile manufacturer announced that it will stop producing gas-powered vehicles in 2035.
scope note: Used for anything with a planned end date where precision of one year is sufficient. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision. Note that it is not valid to zero out months and days, so arbitrary values must be included.

planned start date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: planned start date time
range: dateTime
definition: The date that something is or was planned to start, with precision of one day.
example: '2021-06-01T00:00:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: Used for anything with a planned start date, such as when a lease will start, when a configuration becomes available, etc. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision.

planned start date time
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: start date time
range: dateTime
definition: The date and time that something is or was planned to start, with no implied precision.
scope note: This is an abstraction over the various precisions of planned start time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. Values of predicates with different precisions can be compared since they are all formally xsd:datetimes.
scope note: This property, unlike gist:actualStartDateTime, does not have a subproperty for microsecond precision, because planned times typically are not expressed at that level of granularity. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual.

planned start minute
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: planned start date time
range: dateTime
definition: The date and time that something is or was planned to start, with precision of one minute.
example: '2021-06-01T08:32:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
scope note: Used for things like meetings and time card entries, where the hour and minute are important. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual. Recommended usage is to zero out the seconds and microseconds to avoid spurious precision.

planned start year
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: planned start date time
range: dateTime
definition: The date that something is or was planned to start, with precision of one year.
example: '2021-01-01T00:00:00-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime
example: The automobile manufacturer announced that its full line-up will include only electric cars starting in 2035.
scope note: Used for anything with a planned start date where precision of one year is sufficient. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision. Note that it is not valid to zero out months and days, so arbitrary values must be included.

sequence
type: DatatypeProperty
range: integer
definition: For ordering ordered lists.

start date time
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: at date time
range: dateTime
definition: The date and time that something starts.
scope note: This property is neutral along two dimensions: precision (e.g., day, second, millisecond) and actual vs. planned. As such, it will generally not be asserted directly except in special cases (e.g., for time intervals).
scope note: Values of predicates with different precisions can be compared since they are all formally xsd:datetimes.

symbol
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
definition: A symbol for something using only ASCII characters.
example: The ASCII symbol for square meter is m^2.
domain includes: Unit of Measure

unique text
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: contained text
type: FunctionalProperty
range: string
definition: The unique string value of some content object, to be used when there is no possibility of having more than one value.
example: The unique string for a vehicle identification number.
scope note: Note that the uniqueness only goes in one direction: a product catalog number might also be an employee ID.
domain includes: ID
domain includes: Media Type
domain includes: Tag
domain includes: Text

Account
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Agreement
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Magnitude
      intersection of: Restriction
        has value: balance
        on property: has aspect
    on property: has magnitude
definition: An agreement having a balance, as in a bank account, or credit card account, or Accounts Receivable account.

balance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Aspect
definition: The aspect financial balance.
editorial note: This instance has been duplicated from reference data so it can be used in property restrictions.

Address
type: Class
subclass of: Content
definition: A reference to a place (real or virtual) that can be located by some routing algorithm and where messages or things can be sent to or received from.
example: A PO Box, a URL to a PDF file.

Address Usage Type
type: Class
subclass of: Category
definition: A category indicating the context or manner in which an address may be used.
example: Billing, business, personal, postal, residence.
scope note: If you are using temporal relations involving addresses, this category should be used to qualify the temporal relation rather than the address itself, since the same address may have different uses in different contexts, by different people and organizations, or at different times.

Agreement
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Commitment
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Organization
      union of: Person
    on property: has party
  intersection of: Restriction
    on class: Obligation
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on property:
      inverse of: is direct part of
definition: Something which two or more People or Organizations mutually commit to do.

Artifact
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Function
  on property: has goal
definition: An intentional, person-made thing, which could be physical or content

Aspect
type: Class
definition: A measurable characteristic such as length, weight, cost, cycle time, or defect rate.
scope note: Every aspect should be related to a broader aspect or to a unit group. For example, angle of incidence should be related to the broader concept of angle, which in turn is related to a unit group.

Behavior
type: Class
subclass of: Category
definition: A way of categorizing events. E.g., differentiating drilling versus cutting.

Building
type: Class
subclass of: Artifact
subclass of: Landmark
definition: A relatively permanent man-made structure situated on a plot of land, having a roof and walls, commonly used for dwelling, entertaining, or working.
example: A house, school, store, factory, chicken coop.
example: Negative examples: houseboats (not built on land), caves (not man-made), food trucks and RVs (not permanently situated).
scope note: User discretion can be applied to edge cases: e.g., is a traditional yurt 'relatively permanently situated' although it is portable and has a tent-like construction?

Bundled Catalog Item
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Catalog Item
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Catalog Item
    on property:
      inverse of: is direct part of
definition: Any combination of descriptions of things offered together. Could be a kit (several parts offered together), but could also be a product plus a warranty.

Catalog Item
type: Class
subclass of: Specification
definition: A description of a product or service to be delivered, given in a sufficient level of detail that a receiver could determine whether delivery constituted discharge of the obligation to deliver.
scope note: In short, an unambiguous characterization of what it is that a potential buyer is paying for.

Category
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    union of: Intellectual Property
    union of: Organization
    union of: Person
  on property: is allocated by
definition: A concept or label used to categorize other instances without specifying any formal semantics. Things that can be thought of as types are often categories.
example: Tags used in folksonomies; formal definitions from other systems.
scope note: Often a type can be modeled either as an owl:Class or as a gist:Category. Use the latter if you don't care much about the formal structure of the different types, or if there is a whole hierarchy of types that are going to be managed by a group separate from the ontology developers. The formal structure may be defined elsewhere and linked to, if necessary.

Collection
type: Class
definition: A grouping of things.
example: A jury is a group of people, a financial ledger is a collection of transaction entries; a route is an (ordered) collection of segments.
scope note: Individuals are placed in the collection using the gist:isMemberOf property. Collections typically are created because the members are functionally connected in some way. This definition allows a collection to have zero members.

Commitment
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Requirement
    union of: Restriction
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Organization
      union of: Person
    on property: has giver
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Degree Of Commitment
    on property: is categorized by
definition: An obligation (possibly unilateral).

Component
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: System
    on property: contributes to
definition: A component is an artifact that contributes to a system. Could be a simple mechanical component, such as the float contributing to the toilet tank maintaining a constant level, or much more complex as in the internet of things.

Contemporary Event
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Event
  intersection of: Restriction
    cardinality: 1
    on property: actual start date time
  intersection of: Restriction
    max cardinality: 0
    on property: actual end date time
definition: An event that has started but has not yet ended.
scope note: When the event actually ends, it will cease being contemporary.

Content
type: Class
subclass of: Artifact
disjoint with: Geo Point
disjoint with: Geo Region
disjoint with: Organization
disjoint with: Physical Identifiable Item
disjoint with: Physical Substance
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: A document, program, image, etc. (Categories are not content until they are written down.)

Content Expression
type: Class
subclass of: Content
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: General Media Type
  on property: is categorized by
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Language
  on property: is expressed in
definition: Intellectual Property reduced to text, audio etc. If it contains text (written or spoken), it may be in a language.

Contingent Event
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Event
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Magnitude
      intersection of: Restriction
        has value: probability
        on property: has aspect
    on property: has magnitude
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Event
    on property: is triggered by
definition: An event with a probability of happening in the future, and usually dependent upon some other event or condition.
example: Fire insurance is contingent on a particular building burning down
example: Sell 20 shares of stock in a given company when the price drops below $200/share.
example: The death benefit payout on a life insurance policy following the death of a specific person.

probability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Aspect
definition: The aspect probability.
editorial note: This instance has been duplicated from reference data so it can be used in property restrictions.

Contingent Obligation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Commitment
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Organization
      union of: Person
    on property: has giver
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Event
    on property: is triggered by
definition: An obligation that is not yet firm. There is some contingent event, the occurrence of which will cause the obligation to become firm.
scope note: A contingent obligation might have a getter counterparty (as in the case of insurance); but it might not (as in the case of an offer).

Contract
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Agreement
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Government Organization
    on property: is under jurisdiction of
definition: An Agreement which can be enforced by law

Contract Term
type: Class
subclass of: Specification
definition: A specification of some aspect of a contract.

Controlled Vocabulary
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Collection
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Organization
      union of: Person
    on property: is governed by
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Category
    on property:
      inverse of: is member of
definition: A collection of terms approved and managed by some organization or person.

Country Geo-Region
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Governed Geo-Region
  intersection of: Restriction
    on class: Country Government
    qualified cardinality: 1
    on property: is governed by
definition: A defined geographical area (or areas) governed by exactly one country government.

Country Government
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Government Organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on class: Country Geo-Region
    qualified cardinality: 1
    on property:
      inverse of: is governed by
  intersection of: Restriction
    on class: Government Organization
    max qualified cardinality: 0
    on property: is governed by
disjoint with: Sub-Country Government
definition: A Government Organization which asserts both sovereignty (i.e., it is not governed by some other government organization) and governance over an entity generally recognized as a 'country'.
scope note: While a country government may enter into treaties with other country governments, there are no governing relationships among the treaty members.

Degree Of Commitment
type: Class
subclass of: Category
definition: The difficulty of reversing a commitment.
example: A car rental typically has a lower degree of commitment than an airfare reservation.

Determination
type: Class
subclass of: Event
definition: An event whose purpose is to establish a specific result, value, or outcome, usually by research, measuring, evaluating, or calculating.
example: Measuring the sulphur content of crude oil. Evaluating a loan application for approval. Estimating the price of gas for the next three months. Determining whether and by how much an interest rate should change. Classifying something.

Discipline
type: Class
subclass of: Category
definition: An area of study or practice, such as accounting.
example: Finance, accounting, project management, acoustics, ballistics, etc.

Electronic Address
type: Class
subclass of: Address
disjoint with: Physical Address
alternative label: Virtual Address
definition: An address referring to a locatable virtual place that does not physically exist but is made by software or electronics to appear to do so.
example: A path to a file in a file system, a website URL, an IP address, an email address, a mobile or landline telephone number.

Electronic Address Type
type: Class
subclass of: Category
definition: A category indicating a kind of electronic address. Such a category is usually based on the technology that enables routing to the address referent.
example: URL, file system path, email address, mobile telephone number.

Equipment
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Artifact
  intersection of: Physical Identifiable Item
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Equipment Type
    on property: is categorized by
definition: Tangible property other than land or buildings. Any kind of equipment, could be machine, router, car etc.

Equipment Type
type: Class
subclass of: Category
definition: Categories of equipment

Event
type: Class
definition: Something that occurs over a period of time, often characterized as an activity being carried out by some person, organization, or software application or brought about by natural forces.
editorial note: See guidance on removing the term in the next major release at https://github.com/semanticarts/gist/issues/947#issuecomment-1679565100.
example: A transaction, conference, baseball game, earthquake.
scope note: An event does not necessarily have either planned or actual start or end datetimes. For example, a conference can be in the planning phase without any dates selected, but is nevertheless an (unscheduled) event. The subclasses of Event state particular restrictions on planned and actual start and end dates.
scope note: An event occurs during a time interval, which is distinct from the event.

Event Specification
type: Class
subclass of: Specification
definition: A characterization of an event that might happen.
example: An insurance company defines the characteristics of a weather event that must be satisfied for it to qualify as a hail storm covered in its homeowner's policy. Defaulting on a loan.
scope note: This concept is useful for risk assessment and insurance policies.

Formatted Content
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Content Expression
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Media Type
    on property: is expressed in
definition: Content which is in a particular format. (E.g., HTML, PDF, JPG.)

Function
type: Class
subclass of: Intention
definition: A function is what a specific made item is intended to do. For instance: transmit electricity, provide ballast, control ambient temperature.

General Media Type
type: Class
subclass of: Category
definition: The real-world media type for content.
example: Audio, still image, video, textual, physical (e.g., a statue), or performance (i.e. a play). Or it could be oil or pastel for a painting.

Geo Point
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Magnitude
      intersection of: Restriction
        has value: area
        on property: has aspect
    on property: has magnitude
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: double
    on property: latitude
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: double
    on property: longitude
subclass of: Place
disjoint with: Intellectual Property
disjoint with: Intention
disjoint with: Language
disjoint with: Magnitude
disjoint with: Organization
disjoint with: Physical Identifiable Item
disjoint with: Physical Substance
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: An individual point on the Earth's surface, identified by latitude, longitude and altitude. If altitude is missing, it is assumed to be at the Earth's surface. However, altitude is measured from sea level. these points are to the WGS-84 coordinate system using the GPS decimal lat/long
scope note: Assume coordinate system used by Google (WGS 84 Web Mercator).

area
type: NamedIndividual
type: Aspect
definition: The aspect altitude.
editorial note: This instance has been duplicated from reference data so it can be used in property restrictions.

Geo Region
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Place
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Magnitude
      intersection of: Restriction
        has value: area
        on property: has aspect
    on property: has magnitude
disjoint with: Intellectual Property
disjoint with: Intention
disjoint with: Language
disjoint with: Magnitude
disjoint with: Organization
disjoint with: Physical Identifiable Item
disjoint with: Physical Substance
disjoint with: Template
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: A bounded region (or set of regions) on the surface of the Earth.
example: The bounded shape that defines the region occupied by Crater Lake; the bounded area known as the contiguous USA.
scope note: A GeoRegion could be non-contiguous; e.g. the region governed by the USA is the region governed by the lower 48 states plus that of Alaska and Hawaii. Child classes in lower ontologies can make this distinction.

area
type: NamedIndividual
type: Aspect
definition: The aspect area.
editorial note: This instance has been duplicated from reference data so it can be used in property restrictions.

Geo Route
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Ordered Collection
  intersection of: Place
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Geo Segment
    on property:
      inverse of: is direct part of
definition: An ordered set of GeoPoints that defines a path from starting point to ending point.

Geo Segment
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on class: Geo Point
    qualified cardinality: 1
    on property: comes from place
  intersection of: Restriction
    on class: Geo Point
    qualified cardinality: 1
    on property: goes to place
subclass of: Place
definition: A single portion of a GeoRegion which has been divided (i.e., segmented).

Geo Volume
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Magnitude
      intersection of: Restriction
        has value: volume
        on property: has aspect
    on property: has magnitude
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Geo Point
    on property:
      inverse of: is geographically contained in
subclass of: Place
definition: A three-dimensional space on or near the surface of the Earth, such as an oil reservoir, the body of a lake, or an airspace.

volume
type: NamedIndividual
type: Aspect
definition: The aspect volume.
editorial note: This instance has been duplicated from reference data so it can be used in property restrictions.

Governed Geo-Region
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Geo Region
  intersection of: Restriction
    on class: Government Organization
    min qualified cardinality: 1
    on property: is governed by
definition: A defined geographic area or areas governed by at least one government organization.
scope note: Geographic regions do not need not be physically contiguous in order to constitute a governed geo-region; e.g., Alaska and Hawaii.

Government Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Organization
disjoint with: Intergovernmental Organization
definition: An organization which exercises political and/or regulatory authority over a political unit, people, geo-region, etc., as well as performing certain functions for this unit or body. Differs from a corporation in that it cannot be owned.
example: The State of Washington Office of Financial Management; the Food and Drug Administration; the Scottish Parliament.
scope note: Includes administrative, regulatory, and enforcement organizations created or sanctioned by Country or SubCountry Governments.

Historical Event
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Event
  intersection of: Restriction
    cardinality: 1
    on property: actual end date time
  intersection of: Restriction
    cardinality: 1
    on property: actual start date time
definition: An event which occurred in time, with an actual end earlier than the present moment.

ID
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Content
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Intellectual Property
      union of: Organization
      union of: Person
    on property: is allocated by
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: string
    on property: unique text
definition: Content that is used to uniquely identify something or someone.
example: SSN for a person; serial number for a product; employee ID.
scope note: This is used in conjunction with gist:isIdentifiedBy

Intellectual Property
type: Class
subclass of: Artifact
disjoint with: Intention
disjoint with: Magnitude
disjoint with: Organization
disjoint with: Physical Identifiable Item
disjoint with: Physical Substance
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: A work, invention or concept, independent of its being expressed in text, audio, video, image, or live performance. IP can also be tacit knowledge, know-how, or skill. Also includes Brands.
example: The Old Man and The Sea; the Page Rank algorithm; Coca Cola
scope note: For literature this could be called the ?Work?, except that ?work? is a highly overloaded term (expenditure of energy, resource consumption, art). Often the first expression precedes our recognition of the IP, but subsequent expressions are known to be derivatives of the IP, even if they are expression-to-expression translations (or copies).

Intention
type: Class
disjoint with: Magnitude
disjoint with: Organization
disjoint with: Physical Identifiable Item
disjoint with: Physical Substance
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: Goal, desire, aspiration. This is the "teleologic" aspect of the system that indicates things are done with a purpose.

Intergovernmental Organization
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on class: Government Organization
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on property:
      inverse of: is member of
definition: An organization whose members are government organizations. This can comprise regional, municipal, state/province, or national level entities.
example: The United Nations, the European Union, the MTA (Metropolitan Transit Authority)

Landmark
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Physical Identifiable Item
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Geo Region
      union of: Geo Volume
    on property: has physical location
subclass of: Place
definition: Something permanently attached to the Earth.
editorial note: See guidance on removing the term in the next major release at https://github.com/semanticarts/gist/issues/947#issuecomment-1679566885.

Language
type: Class
disjoint with: Magnitude
disjoint with: Organization
disjoint with: Physical Identifiable Item
disjoint with: Physical Substance
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: A recognized, organized set of symbols and grammar.
example: Natural languages such as English and Spanish; computer languages such as OWL, Python, and XML.

Living Thing
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Physical Identifiable Item
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Living Thing
    on property: has biological parent
  intersection of: Restriction
    cardinality: 1
    on property: birth date
definition: Something that is currently, or at some point in time was, alive.
example: A cat, a mushroom, a tree.
example: Negative examples: fictional life forms such as unicorns or Mickey Mouse.
scope note: Not all life forms have exactly two parents, so the restriction only specifies a minimum of one.

Magnitude
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Aspect
    on property: has aspect
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Unit of Measure
    on property: has unit of measure
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Literal
    on property: numeric value
disjoint with: Organization
disjoint with: Physical Identifiable Item
disjoint with: Physical Substance
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: The amount of a measurable characteristic (aspect).
example: A model of car could have a wheelbase of 113.2 inches. In this example, the aspect is wheelbase, the unit of measure is inch, and the numeric value is 113.2.
scope note: An accuracy can be assigned to a magnitude using the property has accuracy.

Media Type
type: Class
subclass of: Category
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: string
  on property: unique text
definition: A digitized type that computer applications can recognize.
example: application/sparql-results+xml
scope note: The unique text for an IANA media type is the concatenation of the 'Type name', a slash '/', and the 'Subtype name' as provided on the page displayed when you resolve the URI of the media type.

Medium
type: Class
subclass of: Category
definition: A physicality on which a work could be implemented or exposed. E.g., paper, clay, or a computer monitor.

Message
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Content Expression
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Organization
      union of: Person
    on property: comes from agent
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Organization
      union of: Person
    on property: goes to agent
definition: A specific instance of content sent from a sender to at least one other recipient.
example: An email message, a phone call, a voice message, or a Web Service message.

Network
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Network Link
      union of: Network Node
    on property:
      inverse of: is member of
definition: A network is a set of nodes connected by links.
example: A physical network could include connected computers or routers, whereas a social network would consist of related Person or Organization instances.

Network Link
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Network
    on property: is member of
  intersection of: Restriction
    all values from: Network Node
    on property: links
  intersection of: Restriction
    on class: Network Node
    qualified cardinality: 2
    on property: links
definition: An abstract representation of the connection between two or more nodes in a network.
example: A network link may be physical, such as pipes, wired or wireless networks, but may also be a link in a non-physical network, such as organizational structures or social networks.
scope note: Each NetworkLink is connected to a NetworkNode via the property 'gist:links' or one of its subproperties.

Network Node
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Network
  on property: is member of
definition: A node in a network.
example: A person is a node in a social network; a valve is a node in a network of pipes.

Obligation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Commitment
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Organization
      union of: Person
    on property: has giver
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Organization
      union of: Person
    on property: has recipient
definition: A future commitment from one organization or person to another. Contracts are sets of obligations to do or forbear, or to indemnify or warrant.
scope note: Obligations will often be governed by some Agreement or Offer.

Offer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Contingent Obligation
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      union of: Organization
      union of: Person
    on property: has giver
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Magnitude
      intersection of: Restriction
        has value: monetary value
        on property: has aspect
    on property: has magnitude
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Catalog Item
    on property: offers
  intersection of: Restriction
    cardinality: 1
    on property: planned end date time
  intersection of: Restriction
    cardinality: 1
    on property: planned start date time
definition: A commitment to buy or sell a described or identified part or service.

monetary value
type: NamedIndividual
type: Aspect
definition: The aspect monetary value.
editorial note: This instance has been duplicated from reference data so it can be used in property restrictions.

Ordered Collection
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Collection
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Restriction
      some values from: Ordered Member
      on property:
        inverse of: is first member of
    union of: Restriction
      cardinality: 0
      on property:
        inverse of: is member of
  intersection of: Restriction
    all values from: Ordered Member
    on property:
      inverse of: is member of
definition: A collection in which the members are sequentially ordered. All members of an OrderedCollection are OrderedMembers.
scope note: Includes collections in which members occupy the same position in a 'tie.'

Ordered Member
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Restriction
      some values from: Ordered Member
      on property: precedes directly
    union of: Restriction
      some values from: Ordered Member
      on property:
        inverse of: precedes directly
    union of: Restriction
      some values from: integer
      on property: sequence
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Thing
    on property: provides order for
  intersection of: Restriction
    all values from: Ordered Collection
    on property: is member of
  intersection of: Restriction
    cardinality: 1
    on property: is member of
definition: A member of an ordered collection serving as a proxy for a real world item, which can appear in different orders in different collections. The ordered member appears in exactly one ordered collection.
example: A person may rank 12th in the Boston Marathon but 29th in the New York City Marathon.
scope note: An ordered member points to the real world item via the providesOrderFor property. Ordering information is represented either as a number in a sequence, or by preceding or following another ordered member.

Organization
type: Class
disjoint with: Physical Identifiable Item
disjoint with: Physical Substance
disjoint with: Schema Meta Data
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: A generic organization that can be formal or informal, legal or non-legal. It can have members, or not.
example: Legal entities like companies; non-legal entities like clubs, committees, or departments.
scope note: There are a plethora of different kinds of organizations that differ along many facets, including members, structure, purpose, legal vs. non-legal, etc.

Permission
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Intention
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Behavior
    on property: allows
definition: A description of things one is permitted to do. This could be broad, such as free speech, but more often is very specific, such as the right of egress through a particular property.

Person
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Living Thing
  intersection of: Restriction
    all values from: Person
    on property: has biological parent
definition: A human being that may or may not still be alive.
example: Negative example:fictional characters.

Physical Action Type
type: Class
subclass of: Category
definition: The effects to be realized in the real world, such as lifting a garage door, turning off a valve, dropping cadmium rods, etc.

Physical Address
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Address
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Place
    on property: refers to
subclass of: Address
definition: An address that refers to a locatable place within the physical universe.
example: A street address, a PO box address.

Physical Address Type
type: Class
subclass of: Category
definition: A category indicating local customary characterizations of physical addresses.
example: Street address, PO box, FPO code.

Physical Event
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Event
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Place
    on property: occurs in
definition: An event that can be said to have occurred at some place in space.
example: A meeting, a car accident.
example: Negative examples: Excludes events that have no meaningful location, such as financial events or project milestones.

Physical Identifiable Item
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Magnitude
    intersection of: Restriction
      has value: mass
      on property: has aspect
  on property: has magnitude
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Magnitude
    intersection of: Restriction
      has value: volume
      on property: has aspect
  on property: has magnitude
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Physical Substance
  on property: is made up of
disjoint with: Schema Meta Data
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: A discrete physical object which, if subdivided, will result in parts that are distinguishable in nature from the whole and in general also from the other parts.
example: A computer, book, car.
scope note: This concept generally corresponds to count nouns in English. By contrast, instances of PhysicalSubstance, such as an amount of water, flour, or sand, are mass nouns. PhysicalIdentifiableItems are made up of PhysicalSubstances; e.g., a cake is made up of butter, flour, and sugar; a statue is made of bronze. If you divide a PhysicalSubstance such as an amount of water into parts, you have two amounts of water otherwise indistinguishable from one another; if you divide a PhysicalIdentifiableItem such as a computer into parts, each part is different from the whole.

mass
type: NamedIndividual
type: Aspect
definition: The aspect mass.
editorial note: This instance has been duplicated from reference data so it can be used in property restrictions.

Physical Substance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Magnitude
    intersection of: Restriction
      has value: mass
      on property: has aspect
  on property: has magnitude
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Magnitude
    intersection of: Restriction
      has value: volume
      on property: has aspect
  on property: has magnitude
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: An undifferentiated amount of physical material which, when subdivided, results in each part being indistinguishable in nature from the whole and from every other part.
example: An amount of water, penicillin, sand, gold: an actual piece of gold, not the concept of gold.
scope note: An instance of this class has weight and takes up space. We mean the physical gold in a ring, not the concept of gold that shows up in the periodic table.
scope note: This concept generally corresponds to mass nouns in English. By contrast, instances of PhysicalIdentifiableItem, such as a computer, book, or car, are count nouns. PhysicalIdentifiableItems are made up of PhysicalSubstances; e.g., a cake is made up of butter, flour, and sugar; a ring is made of gold. If you divide a PhysicalSubstance such as an amount of water into parts, you have different amounts of water otherwise indistinguishable from one another; if you divide a PhysicalIdentifiableItem such as a computer into parts, each part will be distinguishable from the original whole.

Place
type: Class
definition: Union of all the geo classes

Product Category
type: Class
subclass of: Category
definition: Any of many ways of categorizing products, including models, NATO product codes, and the like.

Product Specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Catalog Item
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Product Category
    on property: is categorized by
definition: Offering something which could be physically warehoused or digitally stored.

Project
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Task
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Task
    on property:
      inverse of: is part of
definition: A task, usually of longer duration, made up of other tasks.
example: Designing an insurance product, adding a new feature to a software application, assessing the level of risk for a mortgage application.

Reference Value
type: Class
subclass of: Magnitude
definition: A measure that was neither measured nor estimated but set by fiat. For instance, a goal. There is no measurement associated with a reference value.

Rendered Content
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Content Expression
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Media Type
    on property: is expressed in
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Medium
    on property: is rendered on
definition: Content which has been expressed, either to print, or through speakers, or on a monitor.

Requirement
type: Class
subclass of: Intention
definition: The obligation of a person or organization to behave in a certain way (e.g., drive on the right side of the road).

Restriction
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Intention
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Behavior
    on property: prevents
definition: A description of things one is prevented from doing. Most laws are restrictions.

Scheduled Event
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Event
  intersection of: Restriction
    cardinality: 1
    on property: planned start date time
definition: An event with a planned start datetime.
scope note: If the event already started, but has not yet ended, it is a contemporary event with an actual start datetime. If the event is over, it is a historical event having an actual end datetime. The event always retains its planned start datetime, and thus continues to be a scheduled event.

Scheduled Task
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Scheduled Event
  intersection of: Task
definition: A task with a planned start datetime.
scope note: If work on the task has already started, but has not yet ended, it will have an actual start datetime. If the task is completed, it will also have an actual end datetime. The task always retains its planned start time, and thus continues to be a scheduled task.

Schema Meta Data
type: Class
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: Superclass for all types of metadata, including owl concepts (such as class) and relational (tables, elements) and tool related (queries, R2RML maps etc etc)

Service Specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Catalog Item
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Event
    on property:
      inverse of: is based on
definition: A description of something that can be done for a person or organization (which produces some form of an act).

Specification
type: Class
subclass of: Intention
definition: One or more characteristics that specify what it means to be a particular type of thing, such as a material, product, service or event. A specification is sufficiently precise to allow evaluating conformance to the specification.
example: The specification of the iPhone 14; hypothetical events covered by a homeowner's insurance policy.
scope note: Although a characterization of how to do something is often called a specification, the intended meaning here is limited to specifying what something is. The focus is on the what, not the how. Use the TaskTemplate class for specifying the how, such as a plan or process specification.

Sub-Country Government
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Government Organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Country Government
    on property: is governed by
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Geo Region
    on property:
      inverse of: is governed by
definition: A government of a governed geo-region other than a country, which is under the direct or indirect control of a country government.
scope note: Across the world, there are a variety of types of subsections of a country and the governments thereof (as well as different terms, like 'province' and 'state', which refer to essentially the same type of thing). We should not automatically assume 'state', 'county', and 'city'. It is more future-proof just to mint the instances using the generic SubCountryGovernment and, where greater specificity is needed, define categories or subclasses.
scope note: Note that the predicate 'governs' is used both for the relationship a government has to a governed geo-region, and for the relationship one government has to the governments of its sub-regions.
scope note: This class applies only to organizations governing geo-regions. Regulatory and bureaucratic organizations are members of the more generic GovernmentOrganization class.

System
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Artifact
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Component
    on property:
      inverse of: is direct part of
definition: A system is an artifact with component parts where the parts contribute to the goal of the system

Tag
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Category
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: string
    on property: contained text
definition: A term in a folksonomy used to categorize things. Tags can be made up on the fly by users.
scope note: Whether to use gist:containedText or gist:uniqueText on tags is an implementation decision.

Task
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Event
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Intention
    on property: has goal
definition: A piece of work that is either proposed, planned, scheduled, underway, or completed.
scope note: Something that could potentially be executed, which is merely described but not proposed in any specific way, such as a business process for onboarding a new employee, or the steps in a recipe for making polyethylene from ethylene, is not a task but rather a task template.
scope note: Use the property isBasedOn to link a Task back to the TaskTemplate.

Task Template
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Template
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Intention
    on property: has goal
definition: An outline of a task of a particular type, which is the basis for executing such tasks.
example: A business process for onboarding new employees.
scope note: A task template may define a single activity or a series of activities; the level of granularity can be varied according to use case. For example, in a new employee onboarding process, signing up for benefits might be one activity, or it might be broken down into signing up for health insurance, signing up for dental insurance, etc.
scope note: Use the property isBasedOn to link the Task back to the TaskTemplate.

Taxonomy
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Controlled Vocabulary
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Category
      intersection of: Class
        union of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: is member of
definition: A controlled vocabulary arranged as a hierarchy of concepts.

Template
type: Class
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: Something used to make objects in its own image.
example: A die in manufacturing that is used to make stamped parts.
example: A form. A filled-in form has the structure of the form with data entered into some or all of the fields.
example: Cookie cutters are templates for cookies.
scope note: Use gist:isBasedOn to link the object made from the template back to the template.

Temporal Relation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 2
  on property: has participant
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: start date time
definition: A relationship existing for a period of time.
example: employs-Employment, hasAddress-EstablishedLocation. One important context for reifying a property.
scope note: A temporal relation must have a minimum of two participants. For example, both the employer and the employee are participants in a temporal relation representing a period of employment.
scope note: Note that 'participant' does not imply agency; a non-sentient being can be participate in a temporal relation. For example, both a person and a house could be participants in a hypothetical relation 'lives at.'

Text
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Content
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Language
    on property: is expressed in
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: string
    on property: contained text
definition: Content expressed as words and numbers (not graphics).

Time Interval
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: Class
    intersection of: Magnitude
    intersection of: Restriction
      has value: duration
      on property: has aspect
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: has magnitude
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: end date time
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: start date time
definition: A span of time with a known start time, end time, and duration. As long as two of the three are known, the third can be inferred.
example: 7pm to 9pm on Jan 1, 2001; fiscal year 2023 (according to some particular definition of fiscal year); the week starting at midnight of January 12, 2023 and lasting exactly 168 hours.
scope note: An ongoing state of affairs with an unknown end time in the future cannot be a time interval; e.g. the lifespan of a living person cannot be a time interval, as the end time is unknown.
scope note: This is distinct from a duration, which describes how long a time interval lasts (e.g., one hour; 3 days; 22 minutes).

duration
type: NamedIndividual
type: Aspect
definition: The aspect duration.
editorial note: This instance has been duplicated from reference data so it can be used in property restrictions.

Transaction
type: Class
subclass of: Event
definition: An exchange or transfer of goods, services, or funds.
scope note: Different sorts of transactions can have different datetime precisions. For example, an electronic transaction would have a gist:actualEndMicrosecond.

Unit Group
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Collection
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: Unit of Measure
    on property:
      inverse of: is member of
disjoint with: Unit of Measure
definition: A collection of units of measure that can all be used to measure the same aspects.
example: The units of measure bit, byte, kilobit, kilobyte, etc. are all in the same unit group because they can all be used to measure an amount of data.
scope note: Typically there is one unit group per aspect. An example of an aspect with two unit groups is vehicle efficiency, which can be measured by miles per gallon (distance per volume) or by liters per 100 kilometers (volume per distance). These two units of measure need to be in different unit groups because they have different values of exponents. When adding a unit of measure to a unit group, make sure it has the same exponents as the other members of the unit group.

Unit of Measure
type: Class
definition: A standard amount used to measure or specify things.
example: An acre is a unit for measuring area.