An agreement having a balance, as in a bank account, or credit card account, or Accounts Receivable account.
A device that can affect the real world via a message interface
A reference to a place (real or virtual) that can be located by some routing algorithm, and where messages or things can be sent to or retrieved from. E.g. PO Box or URL to a PDF file.
Something which two or more People or Organizations mutually commit to do.
A unit of two-dimensional area, such as square inches or hectares.
An intentional, person-made thing, which could be physical or content
A very general term for the characteristic of something that is being measured. E.g., property (height) or a process (cycle time) or a behavior (loyalty).
An amount decremented or incremented by a series of transactions.
A primitive unit that cannot be decomposed into other units. It can be converted from one measurement system to another. The base units in gist are the seven primitive units from the System Internationale (SI): (meter, second, kilogram, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela), plus three convenience ones: each. bit and usDollar.
A way of categorizing events. E.g., differentiating drilling versus cutting.
A man-made structure for dwelling or working.
Any combination of descriptions of things offered together. Could be a kit (several parts offered together), but could also be a product plus a warranty.
A description of a product or service to be delivered, given in a sufficient level of detail that a receiver could determine whether delivery constituted discharge of the obligation to deliver.
In short, an unambiguous characterization of what it is that a potential buyer is paying for.
A concept or label used to categorize other instances informally. Things that can be thought of as types are usually Categories.
Tags used in folksonomies; formal definitions from other systems.
Often a 'bucket' can be modeled either as an owl:Class or as a gist:Category. Use the latter if you don't care much about the formal structure of the different types, or if there is a whole hierarchy of types that are going to be managed by a group separate from the ontology developers. The formal structure may be defined elsewhere and linked to, if necessary.
A product unit both of whose factors are coherent units. The conversion factor is 1.
A ratio unit whose conversion factor is 1.
Newton, a force unit also expressed as kg-m/s^2
A unit that is expressed in units that have no conversions. It may be a simple unit. It may also be a product or ratio unit that bottoms out in simple units.
The standard unit for acceleration is meters per square second (feet per square second requires a conversion)
Coherent unit is the physics term for this, informally you might think of it as the standard unit for a given dimension.
In principle, the CoherentUnit for a ProductUnit or RatioUnit can be inferred by recursively decomposing the products and ratios into their respective CoherentUnits, bottoming out in SimpleUnits
Any identifiable grouping of instances. For instance, a jury is a collection of people.
A jury is a group of people, a financial ledger is a collection of transaction entries; a route is an (ordered) collection of segments.
A component is an artifact that contributes to a system. Could be a simple mechanical component, such as the float contributing to the toilet tank maintaining a constant level, or much more complex as in the internet of things.
An event that has started but has not yet ended.
When the event actually ends, it will cease being contemporary.
A document, program, image, etc. (Categories are not content until they are written down.)
Intellectual Property reduced to text, audio etc. If it contains text (written or spoken), it may be in a language.
An event with a probability of happening in the future, and usually dependent upon some other event or condition.
An obligation that is not yet firm. There is some contingent event, the occurrence of which will cause the obligation to become firm.
A contingent obligation might have a getter counterparty (as in the case of insurance); but it might not (as in the case of an offer).
An Agreement which can be enforced by law
A specification of some aspect of a contract.
A collection of terms approved and managed by some organization or person.
A device that takes messages or signals from a sensor and decides through algorithms whether and which actuator to fire via messages
A measure that involves countable amounts (?eaches? as well as cases, etc.). Can be decimal.
Count is not disjoint with all the other magnitudes, as there are some magnitudes that could conceivably be counted.
A unit of counting, especially ?each?, but also units such as dozens.
A defined geographical area (or areas) governed by exactly one country government.
A Government Organization which asserts both sovereignty (i.e., it is not governed by some other government organization) and governance over an entity generally recognized as a 'country'.
While a country government may enter into treaties with other country governments, that does not mean it is 'governed by' the others.
A unit of money. Note: this is the only unit whose conversion factors include time (i.e., the conversion rates change on a daily basis).
A unit to measure amounts of digital information.
The difficulty of reversing a commitment.
A car rental typically has a lower degree of commitment than an airfare reservation.
A unit to measure linear distance, such as feet or kilometers.
One week (or seven days), but not Jan 1, 2008 to Jan 7, 2008 (which is an interval).
Intervals have durations, but are not themselves durations.
A unit to measure passage of time: hours, days, years.
Unit of electrical current, which is charge per unit time. The SI unit is the ampere. (Note that electrical current is a composed unit.)
Any place an electronic message (email, fax, etc.) can be sent.
An email address is a unique identifier for an email account. It is used to both send and receive email messages over the Internet.
Tangible property other than land or buildings. Any kind of equipment, could be machine, router, car etc.
Something that occurs over some period of time, often characterized as an activity being carried out by some person, organization, or software application.
A measure of distance, which could be distances over the Earth, and could also be height, width, length, depth, girth, etc.
Content which is in a particular format. (E.g., HTML, PDF, JPG.)
A function is what a specific made item is intended to do. For instance: transmit electricity, provide ballast, control ambient temperature.
Audio, still image, video, textual, physical (e.g., a statue), or performance (i.e. a play). Or it could be oil or pastel for a painting.
An individual point on the Earth's surface, identified by latitude, longitude and altitude. If altitude is missing, it is assumed to be at the Earth's surface. However, altitude is measured from sea level. these points are to the WGS-84 coordinate system using the GPS decimal lat/long
Assume coordinate system used by Google (WGS 84 Web Mercator).
A bounded region (or set of regions) on the surface of the Earth.
The bounded shape that defines the region occupied by Crater Lake; the bounded area known as the contiguous USA.
A GeoRegion could be non-contiguous; e.g. the region governed by the USA is the region governed by the lower 48 states plus that of Alaska and Hawaii. Child classes in lower ontologies can make this distinction.
A GeoRegion has an area, but it is not itself an instance of the Area class. (Area in gist is a magnitude).
An ordered set of GeoPoints that defines a path from starting point to ending point.
A single portion of a GeoRegion which has been divided (i.e., segmented).
A three-dimensional space on or near the surface of the Earth, such as an oil reservoir, the body of a lake, or an airspace.
A specific intentional endpoint. One can tell whether it has been achieved, as opposed to an intention, which may not have an evaluation function.
A defined geographic area or areas governed by at least one government organization.
Geographic regions do not need not be physically contiguous in order to constitute a governed geo-region; e.g., Alaska and Hawaii.
An organization which exercises political and/or regulatory authority over a political unit, people, geo-region, etc., as well as performing certain functions for this unit or body. Differs from a corporation in that it cannot be owned.
The State of Washington Office of Financial Management; the Food and Drug Administration; the Scottish Parliament.
Includes administrative, regulatory, and enforcement organizations created or sanctioned by Country or SubCountry Governments.
A collection of People. The group may or may not be an Organization. Many organizations consist of groups of people, but that is not a defining characteristic.
An event which occurred in time, with an actual end earlier than the present moment.
Content that is used to uniquely identify something or someone.
SSN for a person; serial number for a product; employee ID.
This is used in conjunction with gist:isIdentifiedBy
An amount of data, such as 6 petabytes, or 640KB.
A work, invention or concept, independent of its being expressed in text, audio, video, image, or live performance. IP can also be tacit knowledge, know-how, or skill. Also includes Brands.
The Old Man and The Sea; the Page Rank algorithm; Coca Cola
For literature this could be called the ?Work?, except that ?work? is a highly overloaded term (expenditure of energy, resource consumption, art). Often the first expression precedes our recognition of the IP, but subsequent expressions are known to be derivatives of the IP, even if they are expression-to-expression translations (or copies).
Goal, desire, aspiration. This is the "teleologic" aspect of the system that indicates things are done with a purpose.
An organization whose members are government organizations.
Something permanently attached to the Earth.
A recognized, organized set of symbols and grammar.
Natural languages such as English and Spanish; computer languages such as OWL, Python, and XML.
Something that is currently, or at some point in time was, alive.
Negative examples: fictional life forms such as unicorns or Mickey Mouse.
Not all life forms have exactly two parents, so the restriction only specifies a minimum of one.
A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. This is based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye.
The measure of brightness. The SI unit is the candela.
Base class for units which can be converted. The primitive units can be converted from one measurement system to another; the complex units (ratio or product) have to decompose to their primitives.
Magnitudes of the same dimensional type (i.e., duration or electric current) can be compared with a greater-than or less-than operator, but can still differ in their relationToTheWorld type. (I.e., you can compare actuals to estimates or references, so long as the dimension is the same.)
The precision should be in the same type of unit as the magnitude.
A unit representing the amount of matter in a particle or object. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram.
A digitized type that computer applications can recognize.
A physicality on which a work could be implemented or exposed. E.g., paper, clay, or a computer monitor.
A specific instance of content sent from an Organization or Person to at least one other Organization or Person.
An email message, a phone call, a voice message, or a Web Service message.
Each pulse from a Sensor is reflected in a message, as well as each instruction to an Actuator
Amount of a substance, as counted molecules.
Amount of chemical material. Measured in Avogadro units (moles) of 6.02 x 10^23 molecules.
A special type of magnitude, due to the way rounding is handled in math and the temporal aspect of conversion.
A network is a set of nodes connected by links.
A physical network could include connected computers or routers, whereas a social network would consist of related Person or Organization instances.
An abstract representation of the connection between two or more nodes in a network.
A network link may be physical, such as pipes, wired or wireless networks, but may also be a link in a non-physical network, such as organizational structures or social networks.
Each NetworkLink is connected to a NetworkNode via the property 'gist:links' or one of its subproperties.
A person is a node in a social network; a valve is a node in a network of pipes.
A future commitment from one organization or person to another. Contracts are sets of obligations to do or forbear, or to indemnify or warrant.
Obligations will often be governed by some Agreement or Offer.
A commitment to buy or sell a described or identified part or service.
A collection in which the members are sequentially ordered. All members of an OrderedCollection are OrderedMembers.
Includes collections in which members occupy the same position in a 'tie,' but not empty collections.
A member of an ordered collection serving as a proxy for a real world item, which can appear in different orders in different collections. The ordered member appears in exactly one ordered collection.
A person may rank 12th in the Boston Marathon but 29th in the New York City Marathon.
An ordered member points to the real world item via the providesOrderFor property. Ordering information is represented either as a number in a sequence, or by preceding or following another ordered member.
A generic organization that can be formal or informal, legal or non-legal. It can have members, or not.
Legal entities like companies; non-legal entities like clubs, committees, or departments.
There are a plethora of different kinds of organizations that differ along many facets, including members, structure, purpose, legal vs. non-legal, etc.
A ratio where the numerator and denominator are of the same unit of measure.
There are various ways to represent percentage: 50/100 could be represented as ?50? or ?0.5?. gist uses the latter, as it involves fewer conversions for subsequent use.
A description of things one is permitted to do. This could be broad, such as free speech, but more often is very specific, such as the right of egress through a particular property.
A human being that may or may not still be alive.
The things that a sensor can sense, such as light, heat, current, moisture, etc.
The effects to be realized in the real world, such as lifting a garage door, turning off a valve, dropping cadmium rods, etc.
An event that can be said to have occurred at some place in space.
Negative examples: Excludes events that have no meaningful location, such as financial events or project milestones.
You could, at least in principle, put an RFID tag on members of this class. Physical things are made of something. E.g., statues are made of bronze.
Negative example: A discontinuous thing like a manufacturing line cannot reasonably have an RFID attached to it, even though its parts are not the same kind of thing as the whole.
In practice, this always means that the parts are not the same kind of thing as the whole.
Non-corporeal material, i.e. 'stuff' which can be divided into parts where each part retains its essence.
An amount of water, of penicillin, of sand, of gold: an actual piece of gold, not the concept of gold.
An instance of this class must be a physical thing, and not just a categorical description.
Some things are substances at a macro level, but ultimately end up as not being divisible into the same kind of thing. E.g., sand vs. grains of sand, bacteria vs. an individual bacterium.
An event which, at the time it is created, is to occur in the future.
A set of codes the postal authorities can use to deliver physical mail.
A street address, a PO Box, an FPO code, or the route codes.
Any of many ways of categorizing products, including models, NATO product codes, and the like.
A magnitude expressed as a product of primitives. (E.g., Force = M*A).
Offering something which could be physically warehoused or digitally stored.
A unit of measure that is the product of two simpler ones.
Area and Volume are the classic cases. But other, more exotic cases exist, such as Newtons.
A ProductUnit is intended have a value for conversionFactor.
A project is a task (usually a longer duration task) made up of other tasks.
This is a number whose unit of measure is a ratio.
Speed. The ratio magnitude is 60, the unit of measure might be MilesPerHour.
A RatioMagnitude just has one decimal value.
A UnitOfMeasure composed of a numerator unit and a denominator unit.
If needed, a conversion factor for a RatioUnit can be (recursively) derived from the conversion factors of the numerator and denominator units. E.g., the derived conversion factor from km/minute to meters/second is 1000/60 or 16 2/3.
A measure that was neither measured nor estimated but set by fiat. For instance, a goal. There is no Measurement associated with a ReferenceValue.
Content which has been expressed, either to print, or through speakers, or on a monitor.
A documented physical or functional need that a particular design, product, or process must be able to perform. Alternately, the obligation of a person or organization to behave in a certain way (i.e., drive on the right side of the road).
A description of things one is prevented from doing. Most laws are restrictions.
A task planned to occur. When it was scheduled, it would have been in the future, but now might be in the past.
Superclass for all types of metadata, including owl concepts (such as class) and relational (tables, elements) and tool related (queries, R2RML maps etc etc)
A device that can detect something and report it. Light sensors, temperature sensors,
A description of something that can be done for a person or organization (which produces some form of an act).
Each simple unit has a base unit and a conversion factor to the base. The bases are from the System International (SI). The conversion factor is the number which one multiplies a Unit by to get to base, or divides by to get from base. E.g., the conversionFactor for inch is 0.0254 to get to the base unit (meter).
A set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, design, product, or service.
An address which references a fixed location in the physical world.
The street address of a building, a park, campground, or an empty lot.
This excludes addresses not associated with a fixed location, such as a PO box or FPO code.
A government of a governed geo-region other than a country, which is under the direct or indirect control of a country government.
Across the world, there are a variety of types of subsections of a country and the governments thereof (as well as different terms, like 'province' and 'state', which refer to essentially the same type of thing). We should not automatically assume 'state', 'county', and 'city'. It is more future-proof just to mint the instances using the generic SubCountryGovernment and, where greater specificity is needed, define categories or subclasses.
Note that the predicate 'governs' is used both for the relationship a government has to a governed geo-region, and for the relationship one government has to the governments of its sub-regions.
This class applies only to organizations governing geo-regions. Regulatory and bureaucratic organizations are members of the more generic GovernmentOrganization class.
A system is an artifact with component parts where the parts contribute to the goal of the system
This is for folksonomy type terms, which can be made up on the fly by users.
An event characterized by a defined piece of work that is either scheduled, accomplished, or both.
Note that this differs from the ordinary sense of 'task,' which is not an event (e.g., 'A piece of work to be done or undertaken.').
An outline of a task of a particular type, that will, when instantiated, generate an actual (unscheduled) task.
A controlled vocabulary arranged as a hierarchy of concepts.
A numeric code a telephonic device uses for contacting another telephonic device.
The degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale.
Unit of measurement for expressing temperature. Per SI, the base of temperature is in Kelvin, to allow for all units to be expressed relative to a real (in this case absolute) zero.
Something used to make instances in its own image. In manufacturing this would be specialized as a die to make stamped parts, cookie cutters are templates for cookies, and forms are templates for data.
A form. A filled-in form has the structure of the form with data entered into some or all of the fields.
Use gist:isBasedOn to link the instantiation of a template back to its Template.
A relationship existing for a period of time.
employs-Employment, hasStreetAddress-EstablishedLocation. One important context for reifying a property.
A temporal relation must be gist:isConnectedTo a minimum of two objects. For example, a temporal relation representing a period of employment is connected both to the person and to the role/position they held.
Content expressed as words and numbers (not graphics).
A region that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. A typical time zone averages 15? of longitude in width and typically observes a clock time one hour earlier than the zone immediately to the east.
The algorithm for getting from Greenwich Mean Time to local time, which includes the time zone offset and rules about daylight savings time.
An event which has an effect on at least one accumulator.
An organization whose members are country governments.
NATO, the Louisiana Purchase, the Treaty of Versailles
Standard unit by which we measure things
Three-dimensional space, or equivalent fluid measurement.
Units of three-dimensional space, expressed here as an area times a distance.
The base unit for measuring digital information.
A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit has a single binary value, either 0 or 1.
The time zone containing the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, which is located on the prime meridian.
The base unit for measuring temperature.
A unit equal to a thousandth of a second.
The base unit for measuring molar quantities.
This is a gist:Magnutude, not a unit of measure, it means essentially the same thing as the unit, day.
This is a gist:Magnutude, not a unit of measure, it means essentially the same thing as the unit, millisecond.
This is a gist:Magnutude, not a unit of measure, it means essentially the same thing as the unit, minute.
The types of input messages that will be allowed.
The actual date that something ended, with precision of one day.
Used for things where the precision of a date is sufficient, such as most projects, tasks, and the like. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision.
The actual date and time that something ended, with no implied precision.
This is an abstraction over the various precisions of actual end time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. Values with different precisions can be compared since they all have the same format.
The actual time that something ended, expressed as a system time used for timestamps.
A system time will be as precise as the system can supply, typically at least milliseconds, sometimes microseconds. The convention for timestamps, such as recording a transaction, is to specify just the end point; the start time is rarely needed.
The actual date and time that something ended, with precision of one minute.
Used for things like meetings and time card entries, where the hour and minute are important. Recommended usage is to zero out the seconds and microseconds to avoid spurious precision.
The actual date that something ended, with precision of one year.
The tenure of the previous chairman of the board ended in 2021.
Used for things where the precision of a year is sufficient. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision. Note that it is not valid to zero out months and days, so arbitrary values must be included.
The actual date that something started, with precision of one day.
This is an abstraction over the various precisions of actual start time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. Values with different precisions can be compared since they all have the same format.
The actual time that something started, expressed as a system time used for timestamps.
A system time will be as precise as the system can supply, typically at least milliseconds, sometimes microseconds. The convention for timestamps, such as recording a transaction, is to specify just the end point; the start time is rarely needed. This property is defined for the cases when you do need to capture the runtime of a system process, and is then used in conjunction with gist:actualEndMicrosecond.
The actual date and time that something started, with precision of one minute.
The actual date that something started, with precision of one year.
The tenure of the current chairman of the board began in 2021.
The subject has, had, or will have an effect on the object.
The intention (say a grant) allows a particular kind of activity (for instance egress)
The date and time at which something did or will occur, with variants for precision, start and end, and actual vs. planned.
This is the top level property for asserting time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. The subproperties allow the ontologist to do three things: 1) Distinguish start and end times. 2) Indicate whether a time is planned or actual. This is useful for everything from project management to calendar appointments and the like. It is also useful for date effectivities; i.e., something valid up to a planned date). 3) Distinguish varying levels of precision; sort of a simple version of the Allen functions. All datetimes are of the same format: '2021-06-01T08:03:27.12324-6:00'^^xsd:dateTime. This is compatible with and a subset of ISO 8601. Time zone offset, such as -6:00 (of which there are a few dozen) is recognized in the date itself, as shown. The actual time zone standard (of which there are 131) may optionally be attached to the event or other object itself; see property gist:usesTimeZoneStandard. There will be many historical dates that do not have a time zone offset (e.g., Lincoln's birthday, as well as about 75% of all legacy systems), and in that case the offset can be omitted. The conventions for precision that are repeated in each property name are as follows: - *DateTime is an abstraction over the various precisions of its subproperties. - *Date refers to a calendar date (e.g., birthdays and invoice dates) and is assumed to have precision of one day. Time zone offset is allowed. - *Minute refers to clock time; e.g., a meeting will start at 9:15 with a timezone offset. Precision is assumed to have precision of one minute. - *Microsecond refers to system time, and it will be as precise as the system can supply; typically at least milliseconds, sometime microseconds.
The date some living thing was or will be born, with precision of one day.
This is a subproperty of gist:startDateTime rather than gist:actualStartDate because some living things have yet to be born. This property refers to a calendar date and is assumed to precision of one day (time zone offset is allowed). It is recommended to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision. Implementations requiring a birthdate to the minute can define a subproperty.
The party that is the source of something (e.g. a message, shipment, etc.)
This is not the inverse of gist:goesToAgent. A message can be to someone. If we made it the inverse the person would be "from" the message
The subject conforms to the Object, e.g. meet an obligation, meet terms of an offer, adhere to a specification
Links to the string corresponding to Text
Relate one place to another place that is contained within the first.
The parts of a system contribute to the goal/ function of the whole system
The conversion factor used to convert a unit to its standard (i.e., coherent) unit (which could be a base unit.)
A value expressed in inches is multiplied by a conversion factor of 0.0254 to express the value in the base unit, meter.
An area expressed as 7 square kilometers is multiplied by a conversion factor of one million which results in 7 million square meters.
Sometimes this property must be used in conjunction with conversionOffset. Kelvin = (Degrees F - conversionOffset) * conversionFactor. Or K = (F-(-469.67)) * (5/9).
Add this number to get to the zero point. On the Celsius scale, the conversionOffset is -273.15 degrees C. On the Fahrenheit scale it is -459.67 degrees. Is equal to 0 when the unit has the same zero point as the base unit. e.g. inch, meter.
Refers to a calendar date and is assumed to have precision of one day (time zone offset is allowed). Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision. Implementations requiring a death date to the minute can define a subproperty.
A statement about someone or something's attributes or characteristics.
The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States. It was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and built from 1930 to 1931.
This property is used to provide a description of an instance entity in greater detail than a label.
The set of actuators that a controller can affect
Relates a property to a class that is (one of) the type(s) the property is expected to be used on.
The domain for the property gist:hasMember includes gist:Collection.
This property is used to guide the ontology user; like all annotation properties, it does not play a role in inference.
This property means the same thing as the Schema.org version, which is an rdf:Property and not compliant with OWL-DL.
Links to the string corresponding to EncryptedText
This is an abstraction over the various precisions of end time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. Values with different precisions can be compared since they all have the same format.
We have looked at some extreme edge cases (e.g., did this meeting end before or after the trade was posted?) and we couldn't find any use case that required special processing. Those who have such use cases can implement them (and feel free to let us know).
A generic ordering relation indicating that the subject comes immediately after the object.
It is safest to use this property only when the directness has a semantic correspondence with the world. Only break a direct link by inserting an intermediate item when that change corresponds to a change in the world.
The party that is the recipient of something (e.g. a message, shipment, etc.)
This is not the inverse of gist:comesFromAgent. A message can be from someone. If we made it the inverse the person would be "to" the message
The subject controls or inhibits the object in some way
Relates the subject to its physical or virtual address.
The street address of a building; the email address of a person.
Relates a UnitOfMeasure to its BaseUnit. This indicates what kind of Unit something is.
Saying that a furlong hasBaseUnit meter says it is a DistanceUnit.
Relates a living thing to its biological parent.
Relates a Person or Organization to where they can receive messages, including postal addresses, fax numbers, phone numbers, email, web site, etc.
Relates a RatioUnit such as meters/second to the denominator Unit (e.g. second).
The relationship between a whole and a part where the part has independent existence.
It is safest to use this property when there is semantic directness inherent in the relationship, rather than choosing appropriate granularity. For example, a spark plug is a direct part of an engine block; there cannot be any intermediate parts. Beware of making a hasDirectPart assertion and then inserting an intermediate part; this will result in making an asserted triple false even though there was no change in the world.
Use this property to directly associate a part with the whole. gist:hasPart is the transitive version.
The subject category is a supercategory of the object category. This property defines the direct links in a category hierarchy; no intermediate categories can exist between the direct links.
Unlike its superproperty gist:hasSubCategory, this property is not transitive. It is essentially the same as the non-transitive skos:narrower, using gist:Category rather than skos:Concept.
The subject category is a subcategory of the object category. This property defines the direct links in a category hierarchy; no intermediate categories can exist between the direct links.
Unlike its superproperty gist:hasSuperCategory, this property is not transitive. It is essentially the same as the non-transitive skos:broader, using gist:Category rather than skos:Concept.
The active party, the one with the obligation or the one initiating the transfer
What equipment or person is currently in this node. Note to create a temporal view make a TemporalRelation for this property
To have a comparable numeric value. Each magnitude has a unit.
Relates a Collection to its member individuals.
Relates a ProductUnit such as square mile to the second of two units multiplied together (e.g. mile).
Relates a ProductUnit such as square mile to the first of two units multiplied together (e.g. mile)
Relates a parent category to a child category in an informal (e.g., faceted) hierarchy.
Refrigerator handles are not refrigerators, but it may be useful to represent their relationship hierarchically for a faceted UI filter.
Relates a child category to a parent category in an informal (e.g., faceted) hierarchy.
Relates a RatioUnit such as meter(s)/second to the numerator Unit (e.g. meter).
The transitive version of gist:hasDirectPart
Relates something (e.g. an agreement) to things that play a role, or take part or are otherwise involved in some way.
An event of transferring money has a participating account that receives the money.
The thing with participants will often be an agreement, event or obligation.
This is intended as an abstract property. Only its subproperties will be directly used.
The people or organizations participating in an event, agreement or obligation
For loan agreements, one might create hasLender and hasBorrower as subproperties of hasParty.
Links a Magnitude to the degree of accuracy of the numeric value. This allows for fuzzy numbers. All magnitudes have a precision. Usually we don't record them. When we do this, it will be a value whose extent covers 2 standard deviations around the stated magnitude
Temperature precise to tenth of a degree C; length precise to the nearest centimeter.
For a complex unit refers to a unit that has all the component parts in SI
The subject category is inclusive of, or broader than, the object category. Everything categorized by the subcategory can be inferred to be categorized by the supercategory.
This is essentially the same as skos:narrowerTransitive, using gist:Category instead of skos:Concept.
A task that is part of a larger task. The time frame of the subtasks may overlap but may not extend beyond the time frame of the parent task. A subtask may be part of more than one parent task.
The subject category is included by, or narrower than, the object category. Everything categorized by the subcategory can be inferred to be categorized by the supercategory.
This is essentially the same as skos:broaderTransitive, using gist:Category instead of skos:Concept.
Relates a subject category to a unique parent category in an informal (e.g., faceted) hierarchy.
Used for taxos that must have single parents
Which unit of measure you are using. All measures are expressed in some unit of measure, even if we don't know what it is initially.
The area over which the sensor can sense (might be a small geospatial area or a specific wire in a circuit)
Connection between an ID and the thing that minted the ID. It may be a person or organization, or could be an algorithm (next available or random number generator)
The Object is a foundation for, a starting point for, gave rise to or justifies the Subject
A document is based on a document template. A metric computing the average income of a population is based on the metric for individual income.
The Subject is a foundation for, a starting point for, gave rise to or justifies the Object
The reason, law, rule, etc. behind an action or decision. The desire to create a community around the data-centric revolution/movement was the basis for initiating the Data-Centric Architecture Summit in 2018. The unabridged dictionary was the basis for the abridged dictionary.
Points to a taxonomy item or other less formally defined class.
A non-owning, non-causal, non-subordinate (i.e., peer-to-peer) relationship.
The relationship between a part and a whole where the part has independent existence.
It is safest to use this property when there is semantic directness inherent in the relationship, rather than choosing appropriate granularity. For example, a spark plug is a direct part of an engine block; there cannot be any intermediate parts. Beware of making a directPartOf assertion and then inserting an intermediate part; this will result in making an asserted triple false even though there was no change in the world.
Use this property to directly associate a part with the whole. partOf is the transitive version.
Relates one place to another place that contains the first.
is geographically permanently occupied by
A reference from the thing being governed to the governor
This is like a URI: a thing can have more than one ID, but each of the IDs must refer to a unique thing.
Relates something to a substance that it is made up of.
The vase is made up of clay. Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.
The transitive version of gist:isDirectPartOf
The entity that formally acknowledges the existence of, as the State recognizes the existence of a particular company
Date that something was posted, not necessarily the date it occurred. Must be after the date of occurrence, but could be before or after the planned date. (Unusual, but I could record today that I expected to be paid last week.)
Precision may vary according to context.
All the upper tasks this task belongs to
General causal relation. For obligations a property that describes what would happen to trigger the contingent obligation. In most cases, before the Contingent becomes an Obligation, the triggered by event is a planned event (that is it hasn't happened yet -- if it had happened the contingency would no longer be contingent. In most cases it will be a ContingentEvent . Other uses include controls, processes etc
Relates a law, contract, etc., to the system of law or government which has the power, right, or authority to interpret and apply it.
An annotation for providing the licensing on this or derivative ontologies
Relates a NetworkLink to a NetworkNode that it connects to another node. Used when the connections are undirected, or the direction is not known.
Relates a NetworkLink to its origin NetworkNode. Unlike the superproperty, this represents a directed connection.
Relates a NetworkLink to its destination NetworkNode. Unlike the superproperty, this represents a directed connection.
For more formal use, consider using a sub property of the object property, identifiedBy.
The geospatial place where something happened or will happen
Possessing and controlling. Ultimate form of ownership is the right to destroy. Long list of potential Range classes
The date that something is or was planned to end, with precision of one day.
Used for anything with a planned end date, such as when a lease will expire, when an offer is no longer available, etc. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision.
The date that something is or was planned to end, with no implied precision.
This is an abstraction over the various precisions of planned end time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. Values with different precisions can be compared since they all have the same format.
This property, unlike gist:actualEndDateTime, does not have a subproperty for microsecond precision, because planned times typically are not expressed at that level of granularity. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual.
The date and time that something is or was planned to end, with precision of one minute.
Used for things like meetings and time card entries, where the hour and minute are important. Recommended usage is to zero out the seconds and microseconds to avoid spurious precision.Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual.
The date that something is or was planned to end, with precision of one year.
The automobile manufacturer announced that it will stop producing gas-powered vehicles in 2035.
Used for anything with a planned end date where precision of one year is sufficient. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision. Note that it is not valid to zero out months and days, so arbitrary values must be included.
The date that something is or was planned to start, with precision of one day.
Used for anything with a planned start date, such as when a lease will start, when a configuration becomes available, etc. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision.
The date and time that something is or was planned to start, with no implied precision.
This is an abstraction over the various precisions of planned start time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. Values with different precisions can be compared since they all have the same format.
This property, unlike gist:actualStartDateTime, does not have a subproperty for microsecond precision, because planned times typically are not expressed at that level of granularity. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual.
The date and time that something is or was planned to start, with precision of one minute.
Used for things like meetings and time card entries, where the hour and minute are important. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual. Recommended usage is to zero out the seconds and microseconds to avoid spurious precision.
The date that something is or was planned to start, with precision of one year.
The automobile manufacturer announced that its full line-up will include only electric cars starting in 2035.
Used for anything with a planned start date where precision of one year is sufficient. Typically a planned date is in the future when first captured, but when tasks run late, we leave the plan where it was and compare it to the actual. Recommended usage is to zero out the hours through microseconds to avoid spurious precision. Note that it is not valid to zero out months and days, so arbitrary values must be included.
A generic ordering relation indicating that the subject has the same order as or comes before the object. The 'greater than or equal to' symbol is often used for this relation.
A generic ordering relation indicating that the subject comes immediately before the object.
The intention (say a law) is intended to prevent this kind of behavior (say jay-walking)
Links a member of an ordered collection to the real-world item it represents in that collection.
Relates a property to a class that constitutes (one of) the expected type(s) for values of the property.
The range for the property gist:isCategorizedBy includes gist:Category.
The subject needs the object or makes it necessary, mandatory, or compulsory.
Humans require air; solar power requires sunshine.
This predicate is defined generally enough to encompass a few different meanings of the English word 'requires': 1. To need something or to make something necessary. 2. To order or demand something, or to order someone to do something, especially because of a rule or law. 3. To make it officially necessary for someone to do something. Implementations requiring a more specific meaning should define subproperties.
The set of sensors that a controller is attached to
The date and time that something started.
This is an abstraction over the various precisions of start time, and is not expected to be asserted directly. Values with different precisions can be compared since they all have the same format.
Used for folksonomy style categories (non controlled vocabulary)
This is used for the actual value of a key or ID where you don't want the possibility of having more than one.
The standard symbol for the unit NOT using any special characters. E.g. square meter would be m^2 rather than m?.
The standard symbol for the unit in HTML format for pretty printing, may use special characters. E.g. to show square meter as m? rather than m^2, the value of this property would be "m²" This is for when Unicode not supported and the display will be HTML format.
The standard symbol for the unit preferred for pretty printing, may use special characters. E.g. square meter would be m? rather than m^2.
The time zone, including daylight savings time adjustment, of an event or other object that can have a date and time.
EST (Eastern Standard Time), PST (Pacific Daylight Time).
gist is a minimalist upper ontology created by Semantic Arts.